Alexander Calder (1898–1976) is celebrated for his innovative, dynamic sculptures that blend movement, performance, and humor. Born into a family of accomplished artists, Calder initially studied painting at the Art Students League in New York. His fascination with movement began while sketching animals at the zoo and circus, leading to his creation of Cirque Calder—a miniature, movable circus that he performed live, marking an early foray into performance art. In Paris during the late 1920s, Calder transitioned to nonobjective art, inspired by Piet Mondrian’s studio. He developed his signature "stabiles" (static sculptures) and "mobiles," kinetic sculptures powered by motors or air currents, showcasing his passion for energy and motion.
Returning to the United States in 1933, Calder gained widespread acclaim for his abstract sculptures, eventually settling in Connecticut. From the 1950s onward, he divided his time between the U.S. and France, expanding his repertoire to include monumental public sculptures, jewelry, and theater set designs. Calder’s works, known for their lyrical and energetic qualities, remain iconic landmarks in both the U.S. and Europe, cementing his legacy as a pioneer of modern sculpture and kinetic art.